A holistic approach to analysis that focuses on the way that a system's constituent parts interrelate and how systems work over time and within the context of larger systems. Essential for solving complex problems and designing systems that account for interdependencies and dynamics.
The process of managing multiple related projects in a coordinated way to achieve strategic business objectives. Crucial for ensuring alignment and efficiency across multiple projects to achieve broader goals.
The degree to which a system's components may be separated and recombined, often used in the context of software or hardware design. Important for enhancing flexibility, reusability, and ease of maintenance in design.