Horn Effect
A cognitive bias where one negative trait of a person or thing influences the perception of other traits.
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“cognitive engagement”
Negativity Bias
The tendency to give more weight to negative experiences or information than positive ones.
Restraint Bias
A cognitive bias where individuals overestimate their ability to control impulsive behavior, leading to overexposure to temptations.
Heuristic
A rule-of-thumb or shortcut that simplifies decision-making and problem-solving processes.
Multistability
A key aspect of Gestalt psychology that explains the tendency for ambiguous images to pop back and forth unstably between alternative interpretations in the mind.
Endowment Effect
A cognitive bias where people ascribe more value to things merely because they own them.
Attention Bias
The tendency for people's perception to be affected by their recurring thoughts at the time.
Effort Justification
A cognitive bias where people attribute greater value to outcomes that required significant effort to achieve.
Loss Aversion
A cognitive bias where the pain of losing is psychologically more powerful than the pleasure of gaining.